Ikhava yomqamelo yesilikaukuthobela imithetho: ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yase-US kunye ne-EU kubalulekile kubavelisi abafuna ukungena kwezi marike. Imigangatho yolawulo igxininisa ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwemveliso, ukulebhelisha ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo. Ngokulandela ezi mfuno, abavelisi banokuzikhusela kwizohlwayo zomthetho kwaye bakhuthaze ukuthenjwa kwabathengi. Kubalulekile kubavelisi ukuba babeke phambili ukuthobela imithetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo zepillowcase yesilika ziyahlangabezana nemigaqo engqongqo kwaye zifikelele kwinqanaba lokukhuphisana.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Abenzi bemveliso kufuneka balandele imithetho yokhuseleko yase-US neye-EU ukuze bathengise iimveliso baze bafumane ukuthenjwa ngabathengi. Kufuneka bavavanye ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye neekhemikhali eziyingozi.
• Iilebheli mazibe zezichanekileyo. Zifanele zibonise uhlobo lwefayibha, indlela yokucoca, kunye nendawo eyenziwa kuyo imveliso. Oku kunceda abathengi bakhethe ngobulumko baze bathembe uphawu.
• Kubalulekile ukuba nobuhlobo nendalo. Ukusebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza kunye neendlela kuhambelana nemithetho kwaye kutsala abathengi abakhathaleleyo ngeplanethi.

Ukuthobela iSilk Pillowcase: Ukuhlangabezana neMigangatho yoKhuseleko yase-US neye-EU

Isishwankathelo sokuthobela imithetho yaseMelika

Abavelisi abajolise kwimarike yaseMelika kufuneka balandele imigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nemithetho yemiqamelo yesilika. IKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yaBathengi (i-CPSC) ijongana nezi mfuno, iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwimarike. Enye indawo ebalulekileyo ibandakanya imigangatho yokutsha. Imiqamelo yesilika kufuneka ihambelane noMthetho weeFabrics eziTshayo (i-FFA), oyalela ukuba kuvavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilaphu liyamelana nokutsha phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela ukurhoxiswa kwemveliso okanye isohlwayo esisemthethweni.

Ukhuseleko lweekhemikhali lolunye uqwalaselo oluphambili. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (i-EPA) ilawula ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwimpahla phantsi koMthetho woLawulo lweZinto ezineTyhefu (i-TSCA). Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iidayi, izinto ezigqityiweyo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kwiikhaphethi zesilika azinazo izinto eziyingozi. Uvavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso zihlala zifuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Iimfuneko zokulebhelisha nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthobeleni imithetho yase-US. I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inyanzelisa uMthetho wokuchongwa kweeMveliso zeFayibha yeTextile, oyalela ukuba kubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo umxholo wefayibha, ilizwe elivela kulo, kunye nemiyalelo yokhathalelo. Ukulebhelisha okucacileyo nokunyanisekileyo kunceda abathengi benze izigqibo zokuthenga ezinolwazi kwaye kwakha ukuthembana kwibhrendi.

Isishwankathelo sokuthobela imithetho ye-EU

I-European Union ibeka imithetho engqongqo ngokulinganayo kwii-pillowcases zesilika ukukhusela abathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) isebenza njengesiseko sokhuseleko lwemveliso kwi-EU. Lo myalelo ufuna abavelisi baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zabo zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo nezibonakalayo. Kwii-pillowcases zesilika, oku kuquka ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali kunye nokutsha.

Umthetho woBhaliso, uVavanyo, iMvume, kunye nokuThintelwa kweeKhemikhali (REACH) ulawula ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwimpahla elahliweyo kulo lonke i-EU. Abavelisi kufuneka bachonge kwaye banciphise ubukho bezinto eziyingozi kwiimveliso zabo. Ukuthobela i-REACH kudla ngokubandakanya ukungenisa amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha kunye nokuvavanywa ngumntu wesithathu.

Imigangatho yokulebhelisha kwi-EU ichaziwe kwi-Textile Regulation (EU) No 1007/2011. Lo mthetho ufuna abavelisi banike ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokwakheka kwefayibha kunye nemiyalelo yokhathalelo. Iilebheli kufuneka zicace, zifundeke, kwaye zibhalwe ngolwimi (iilwimi) olusemthethweni lwelizwe apho imveliso ithengiswa khona. Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo okanye kwimida yokufikelela kwimarike.

Ukongeza kukhuseleko kunye nokulebhelisha, i-EU igxininisa uzinzo lokusingqongileyo. I-Eco-Design Directive ikhuthaza abavelisi ukuba baqwalasele impembelelo yemveliso yabo kokusingqongileyo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi. Kwii-pillowcases zesilika, oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenzisa iidayi ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngexesha lokuvelisa, kunye nokwamkela iindlela zokupakisha ezizinzileyo.

Iindawo eziphambili zoLawulo lweeSilk Pillowcases

Imigangatho Yokutsha

Imigangatho yokutsha idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lweepillowcases zesilika. Imibutho elawulayo e-US nase-EU ifuna abavelisi ukuba bavavanye iimveliso zabo ukuze babone ukuba ziyamelana nomlilo na. E-United States, uMthetho weeFabric eziTshabalalayo (i-FFA) uyalela ukuba iipillowcases zesilika zivavanyelwe nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokutsha. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani, ezifana nokuchatshazelwa ngamalangatye avulekileyo okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-European Union inyanzelisa iimfuno ezifanayo phantsi kwe-General Product Safety Directive (GPSD). Abavelisi kufuneka babonise ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokutsha ukuthintela iingozi ezinxulumene nomlilo. Ukuthobela imithetho kubandakanya ukuhambisa iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neziqinisekiso kumagunya olawulo.

Ingcebiso:Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzisane neelabhoratri zovavanyo ezivunyiweyo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukulibaziseka ekungeneni kwimarike.

Ukhuseleko lweeKhemikhali kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo

Imithetho yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ikhusela abathengi ekubeni bachaphazeleke zizinto eziyingozi. E-US, uMthetho woLawulo lweeTyhefu (TSCA) ulawula ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwimpahla elaphu, kuquka neekhava zesilika. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zabo azinazo iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezifana ne-formaldehyde, iintsimbi ezinzima, kunye needayi ezingavumelekanga.

Umthetho we-REACH we-EU ubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo nangakumbi. Abavelisi kufuneka bachonge kwaye banciphise ubukho bezinto ezixhalabisa kakhulu (ii-SVHC) kwiimveliso zabo. Le nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha kunye novavanyo lomntu wesithathu.

Phawula:Ukusebenzisa iidayi kunye nonyango oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo kunokwenza kube lula ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali ngelixa kuphucula ukuthandwa kwemveliso kubathengi abaqaphela indalo.

Iimfuneko zokulebhelisha kunye nokuPakisha

Ukubhala iilebheli ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokupakisha okuzinzileyo kubalulekile ekuthobeleni imithetho kunye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi. E-US, i-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inyanzelisa uMthetho wokuchongwa kweeMveliso zeFayibha yeTextile. Lo mthetho ufuna abavelisi babhale iilebheli kwii-pillowcases zesilika ngomxholo wefayibha, ilizwe elivela kulo, kunye nemiyalelo yokhathalelo. Iilebheli kufuneka zicace kwaye zihlale ixesha elide ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokuhlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

UMthetho weLaphu we-EU (i-EU) No 1007/2011 uchaza iimfuno ezifanayo. Iileyibhile kufuneka zinike ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokwakheka kwefayibha kunye nemiyalelo yokhathalelo ngolwimi (iilwimi) olusemthethweni lwemarike ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukongeza, i-EU ikhuthaza abavelisi ukuba bamkele iindlela zokupakisha ezizinzileyo phantsi koMgaqo-nkqubo woYilo lweNdalo.

Biza ngaphandle:Ukubhala iilebheli ezicacileyo akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukuthobela imithetho kodwa kunceda abathengi ukuba benze izigqibo zokuthenga ezisekelwe kulwazi, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuthembeka kwebhrendi.

Iingozi zokuthobela imithetho kunye neMisebenzi eBalaseleyo

Iingozi Eziqhelekileyo Zokuthobela Umthetho

Abavelisi beepillowcases zesilika bajongene nemingcipheko emininzi yokuthobela imithetho enokubeka emngciphekweni ukufikelela kwimarike kunye nodumo lwegama lophawu. Enye yezona ngozi zixhaphakileyo ibandakanya uvavanyo olunganelanga lokutsha kunye nokhuseleko lweekhemikhali. Iimveliso ezingaphumeleliyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yolawulo zinokuthi zibuyiselwe, zihlawuliswe, okanye zithintelwe kwiimarike eziphambili.

Omnye umngcipheko obalulekileyo uvela ekubhalweni okungafanelekanga. Ulwazi olungekhoyo okanye olungachanekanga malunga nomxholo wefayibha, imiyalelo yokhathalelo, okanye ilizwe elivela kulo lunokubangela ukungathotyelwa kwemithetho yase-US neye-EU. Oku akupheleli nje ekubangeleni isohlwayo kodwa kukwaphelisa ukuthembana kwabathengi.

Iingozi ezinxulumene nokuzinza nazo ziyanda. Ukungaphumeleli ukwamkela iindlela ezilungele indalo, ezinje ngokusebenzisa iidayi ezizinzileyo okanye ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona, kunokubangela ukuba abathengi abakhathalele indalo bahlukane. Ngaphezu koko, ukungathobeli imiyalelo yokusingqongileyo efana ne-EU's Eco-Design Directive kunokuthintela ukufikelela kwimarike.

Ingcebiso:Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye novavanyo lomntu wesithathu kunokunceda abavelisi ukuba babone kwaye balungise izikhewu zokuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso zifike kwimarike.

Iindlela Ezilungileyo Zokwenza Abavelisi

Ukwamkela iindlela ezilungileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukuthobela imithetho kwaye kuphucule ixabiso lophawu. Umzekelo, ukufumana izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngendlela efanelekileyo, kuqinisa umfanekiso wophawu ngokutsala abathengi ababeka phambili iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Kukwanciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokufumana izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga, nto leyo ekhusela udumo lophawu.

Uzinzo kufuneka luhlale luyinto ephambili ekugxilwe kuyo. Abavelisi banokuvumelana neemfuno zabathengi zeemveliso ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa iidayi ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, nokukhetha ukupakisha okunokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Le mizamo ayipheleli nje ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokusingqongileyo kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukuthembeka kwabathengi kwaye iqhubele phambili ukuthengisa.

Ukubhala iilebhile ezicacileyo nezichanekileyo yenye indlela ebalulekileyo. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iilebhile ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho, kubandakanya ukwakheka kwefayibha, imiyalelo yokhathalelo, kunye nelizwe ezivela kulo. Iilebhile ezihlala ixesha elide ezimelana nokuhlanjwa zongeza ulwaneliseko lwabathengi kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokungathobeli imithetho.

Biza ngaphandle:Ukusebenzisana neelabhoratri zovavanyo ezivunyiweyo kunye nokuhlala unolwazi malunga notshintsho olusemthethweni kunokwenza lula imizamo yokuthobela imithetho kwaye kuthintele iimpazamo ezibizayo.

Ukuthobela imithetho yase-US neye-EU kuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwimarike kunye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi. Abavelisi kufuneka bagxile kuvavanyo oluqatha, amaxwebhu achanekileyo, kunye nokubeka esweni uhlaziyo lwemithetho.

Ingcebiso:Iingcali zokubonisana kushishino zinokwenza kube lula ukuthobela imithetho kwaye zinciphise iingozi. Amanyathelo asebenzayo awathinteli nje kuphela izohlwayo kodwa akwaphucula udumo lwegama kunye nempumelelo kwimarike.

FAQ

Zithini izohlwayo zokungathobeli imithetho yemiqamelo yesilika?

Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela izohlwayo, ukurhoxiswa kwemveliso, okanye ukuvalwa kweemarike eziphambili. Abavelisi banokujamelana nokonakala kwegama kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuthenjwa ngabathengi.

Ingcebiso:Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye neengcebiso zeengcali kunokunceda ekuphepheni ezi zohlwayo.

Abavelisi banokuqinisekisa njani ukuba bayayithobela imigangatho yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali?

Abavelisi kufuneka benze uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu, bagcine amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha, kwaye basebenzise iidayi kunye nonyango olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zokhuseleko lweekhemikhali e-US nase-EU.

Ngaba kukho iimfuno ezithile zokugcinwa kweendawo zokugquma isilika?

Ewe, i-EU ikhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo phantsi koMgaqo-nkqubo woYilo lweNdalo. Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzise ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona, banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kwaye basebenzise iindlela zokuvelisa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

Phawula:Imizamo yokulondoloza indalo ingatsala abathengi abakhathalela indalo.